New Products

TRIM SC310HP is a high-performance semisynthetic cutting fluid concentrate. It has excellent wettability, cooling and anti-corrosion properties and provides better foam control. It also contains chemical surfactants with mechanical lubrication, which can meet the working conditions under normal high-speed cutting and grinding conditions, and its residue is soluble emulsified oil.

• Applicable materials range is quite wide, including cast iron, steel, copper alloy, and many plastics and composite materials, etc.
• Provides superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous and nonferrous metals and eliminates “hot chip” and clinkering problems often seen when machining cast iron
• Provides better foam control
• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Has exceptional sump life and very low makeup for extremely low total operating cost
• Low odor and mist makes for an operator-friendly product
• Easy recycling or disposal with conventional techniques and equipment

The PM.300.P110 is a high-performance dosing pump that requires no power supply, making it a versatile, cost-effective, and reliable solution for liquid dosing in various industries. Designed for precision and durability, it features an adjustable dosing ratio and operates efficiently under varying pressure conditions. The PM.300.P110 excels in metalworking, ensuring superior performance and reliability by maintaining precise fluid dosages for industrial processes.

• No Power Required – Reduces energy costs and ensures operation in any setting.
• Wide Dosing Range – Flexible dosing ratio from 1% to 10% for precise control.
• High Durability – Built with AISI 316 and Duplex metal components for maximum strength.
• Premium Material Construction – Made with high-quality technopolymers for extended lifespan.
• Versatile Installation – Can be wall-mounted or installed directly onto a drum.
• Safe & Reliable – Handles 10 bar peak pressure and operates from 5°C to 40°C.

Optimize Performance: XYBEX™ Master Blend Venturi Coolant Mixer!

• Built to last with high durability: crafted from billet 6061 Aluminum
• Chemically resistant surface treatment ensures longevity
• Enhanced control with a double-lock dial system
• Versatile mounting options: compatible with both drums and pails
• Suited for metalworking fluids, including soluble and semi-synthetic
• Ensures precision and consistency in concentration mixtures
• Powered by water, eliminating the need for electricity
• Minimized downtime for increased productivity

Discover the XYBEX™ Master Vac: Your Ultimate Solution for Effortless Fluid Removal and Refill!

• Powered by pneumatic compressed air for seamless operation
• Engineered to fit standard 205L drums, ensuring compatibility
• Experience whisper-quiet performance with minimal maintenance requirements
• Achieve unparalleled efficiency with a high suction rate of 45L/MIN at 50 PSI

Upgrade your operations today with the XYBEX Master Vac!

TRIM MicroSol 692XT bd is a blue dye, high-lubricity, semisynthetic, microemulsion coolant. This formula delivers extended sump life, greater bio stability, and better foam control versus previous generation semisynthetic Microemulsions. It does very well in mixed metal situations and is compatible with a very wide range of materials including titanium, high nickel alloys, steels, copper, and aluminum alloys. Improved tramp oil rejection keeps your production running smoothly. Increase your profitability and production with TRIM MicroSol 692XT bd!

• Improved lubricity for longer tool life
• Dramatically extends useful life without the need for tank-side biocides or fungicides
• Halogen free
• Low foaming for todays demanding high-pressure, high-volume applications
• Excellent alternative to chlorinated soluble oils on high-silica aluminum alloys
• Provides superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous and nonferrous metals
• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Requires no special disposal or recycling techniques

TRIM SC538AL is a high-performance semisynthetic fluid that provides excellent boundary lubrication characteristics for aluminum alloy machining. Suitable for general cutting of ferrous and non-ferrous metal materials, TRIM SC538AL achieves very satisfactory surface finishes and is widely used in the automotive and general machining industry. TRIM SC538AL complies with environmental protection and safety laws and regulations for automotive metalworking fluids, as well as the relevant element restrictions in Europe, USA, and Japan.

• Excellent cooling and lubrication properties, provides ultra-fine surface finish for aluminum alloy machining
• Provides excellent anti-corrosion protection for non-ferrous metals such as aluminum while avoiding corrosion and discoloration of the workpiece
• Suitable for stainless steel, aluminum alloys, and other non-ferrous and ferrous metals
• Excellent anti-foaming performance
• No sticky residue on the surface of the work piece
• Coolant residues are easily removed with water, working fluid, or water-based cleaning agents
• Good cleaning performance keeps the machines very clean
• Easy recycling and disposal with conventional techniques and equipment
• Provides excellent safety, reducing the risk of allergies for workers
• Meets the requirements of customers with high compliance requirements for metalworking fluids.

TRIM MicroSol 642RX is specifically formulated for the medical device industry. This product is low-foaming, has high-lubricity, a long sump life, is clean running, and is free of animal derived raw materials. MicroSol 642RX can be run with many operations on titanium, stainless steel, copper, aluminum alloys, and exotic alloys. This is the fluid of choice for medical instruments, ortho instruments, prosthetic devices, endoscopy, and surgical tools.

• Compatible with cobalt alloys
• Conformance to EH&S requirements for the medical industry
• Improved lubricity for longer tool life
• Extended useful life without the need for tank-side biocides or fungicides
• Halogen free formulation
• Low foaming for today’s demanding high-pressure, high-volume applications
• Excellent alternative to chlorinated soluble oils on high-silica aluminum alloys
• Superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous and nonferrous metals
• High machine cleanliness while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Ease of disposal with no special disposal or recycling techniques or requirements

TRIM MicroSol 687NXT bd is a clear blue, premium high-lube, PRTR compliant microemulsion. The product is low foaming in soft water but is also stable in hard water. The product is designed to machine difficult to machine metals, such as stainless steel and Inconel. It is also good for most aluminum alloys including aerospace grade.

• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Excellent compatibility with a very wide range of material including stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium, and aluminum alloys
• Greatly extends useful life without the need for tank side biocides or fungicides
• Low foaming for modern high-pressure, high-volume applications
• Uses standard metalworking recycling and disposal techniques
• Does not contain any chemical listed under Japan PRTR regulation
• Provides superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous metals

TRIM GRIND WCS minimizes cobalt leaching in the grinding of tungsten carbide (WC) and other high cobalt materials. Minimal cobalt leaching means increased piece part integrity, while improving "G RATIOS" and reducing grinding forces. GRIND WCS is specifically designed for the carbide grinding industry; it will also perform very well in grinding ceramics, cermets, and tool steels.

• PRTR compliant
• Keeps super-abrasive wheels clean while not attacking super-abrasive wheel bonding systems
• Carries grinding swarf to the filter, but will release swarf in properly designed settling tanks
• Is not stripped out by conventional filtration systems
• Operators like GRIND WCS’s clear working solution for superior visibility while grinding
• Exceptional sump life and good tramp oil rejection for easy skimming
• Resists oxidation and varnishing
• Resists cobalt leaching for improved operator safety, stronger parts, and cleaner machines
• Very low carryoff equals low fluid makeup costs
• Easy recycling or disposal with conventional techniques and equipment

TRIM E935 bd is a premium universal emulsion for use on a broad range of ferrous and nonferrous metals, effective in most cutting and grinding operations. The stable and predictable performance of E935 bd makes it a first choice for precision and consistent parts manufacturing.

• Very wide application range
• Good hard water tolerance
• Keeps machine tools clean
• Works very well in general machining
• Very stable formula provides good operational life with consistent performance
• High tramp oil resistance for easy oil removal and longer coolant life
• Easily recycled or disposed of using conventional techniques and equipment
• Good balance of cooling and lubrication providing good tool life and surface finishes
• Leaves a very light, oily, non-gumming residue to prevent sticky ways, chucks, tool holders, and fixtures
• Extremely stable fine particle size emulsion allows for reduced carry-off and super-high penetrability to get the fluid to the point of cut

TRIM C118 is a high-performance, synthetic fluid for working cast iron and mild steels. State-of-the-art chemical technology provides excellent cooling and chip settling, good tramp oil rejection, and machine cleanliness while leaving a protective film on the machine tool.

• Does an excellent job in most glass, ceramic, and composite grinding applications
• Excellent corrosion inhibition on most common ferrous and nonferrous alloys
• Extremely low carryoff keeps operating costs down
• Low foam and mist
• Very low initial odor level which usually disappears after one to two days
• Keeps your machines clean while leaving a soft, fluid film that protects bare metal parts
• Exceptional sump life and very good tramp oil rejection

TRIM C290 is a synthetic metalworking fluid optimized for the chemical, environmental, and machining requirements of general aluminum parts. C290 is a high performance, easy to use and maintain, metal removal fluid with very high levels of usable lubricity at the point-of-cut. C290's unique chemical formula allows great, nonferrous corrosion prevention on most aluminum alloys.

• Great resistance to corrosion on nonferrous materials including aerospace aluminums 6061, 7075, 2024, 3000
• Water-clear, low-foaming and -misting, C290 is a joy to work with and manage
• Provides good results in a wide range of grinding and machining operations
• Excellent tramp oil rejection
• Easily removed from parts for easy cleanup before assembly, painting, or plating operations
• PRTR compliant, no SARA 313 reportable chemistry. Product contains no chlorine, phenol, nitrites, copper, triazine, or silicone
• Very low carryoff and long sump life results in low operating cost

Master STAGES CLEAN 2021 is a concentrated, very high performance cleaner made for washing all metals including brass, copper alloy, and aluminum in ultrasonic or immersion washers. Its cleaning ability is extraordinary, which often leads to shorter cleaning cycles or elimination of cleaning steps. CLEAN 2021's oil rejecting properties mean longer bath life and economical operation.

• Excellent cleaning in immersion and ultrasonic tanks
• Long life because oils split rapidly to the surface of your cleaner tank where they can be skimmed off
• An excellent choice where one product is used for multiple purposes; such as washing mixed batches of ferrous, aluminum, and copper alloy parts
• Will provide extended in-process tarnish resistance on copper and copper alloy parts
• Safe on aluminum, aluminum alloy, and magnesium
• Contains no borates, phenols or nitrites, no SARA 313 or EPA 33/50 listed ingredients, and contains no butyl cellusolve
• Will remove coolant residues as well as straight oils

Master STAGES™ CLEAN IP 2019s is a very low-foaming, liquid, cleaning concentrate designed to remove straight oils and coolants from steel, cast iron, and most aluminum parts.

• An excellent cleaner and very economical to use
• Compatible with aluminum, cast iron, and steel alloys
• Rejects oil for easy skimming or centrifuging to extend bath life
• Nonfoaming at high-pressure in a spray washer and vibratory deburring machines even at room temperature
• Provides flash corrosion inhibition and up to two weeks of short-term, dry, in-process corrosion inhibition

TRIM E709QNI is a high-quality universal emulsion coolant concentrate. It has been designed for a broad range of metals allowing its effective use in most cutting and grinding operations. The stable and predictable performance of E709QNI makes it a first choice for high-quality, consistent parts manufacturing.

• Very stable formula provides good operational life with consistent performance
• Has a very wide application range allowing its effective use on cutting and grinding
• Good hard water tolerance
• Works very well in general machining where traditional soluble oil may not cool sufficiently.
• Extremely stable fine particle size emulsion allows for reduced carry-off and super-high penetrability to get the fluid to the point of cut
• Good balance of cooling and lubrication to provide good tool life and surface finishes
• Compatible with most aluminum, steel, cast iron and brass material
• High tramp oil resistance for easy oil removal, longer coolant life, and more opportunities to be recycled
• Leaves a very light oily, non-gumming residue to prevent sticky ways, chucks, tool holders and fixtures
• Good cleaning performance keeps machine tools clean
• Easy recycling or disposal by using conventional techniques and equipment

TRIM E935 is a premium universal emulsion for use on a broad range of ferrous and nonferrous metals, effective in most cutting and grinding operations. The stable and predictable performance of E935 makes it a first choice for precision and consistent parts manufacturing.

• Very wide application range
• Good hard water tolerance
• Keeps machine tools clean
• Works very well in general machining
• Very stable formula provides good operational life with consistent performance
• High tramp oil resistance for easy oil removal and longer coolant life
• Easily recycled or disposed of using conventional techniques and equipment
• Good balance of cooling and lubrication providing good tool life and surface finishes
• Leaves a very light, oily, non-gumming residue to prevent sticky ways, chucks, tool holders, and fixtures
• Extremely stable fine particle size emulsion allows for reduced carry-off and super-high penetrability to get the fluid to the point of cut

Experience ultimate versatility
HyperSol 888NXT's neo-synthetic technology masters the art of versatility. Providing exceptional performance on hard aerospace metals such as titanium and high-nickel alloys, stainless steels and Inconel^®, it also offers the superior lubricity necessary for machining soft, gummy aluminum alloys. Delivering low foam, low odor and a long running lifespan while meeting the strictest environmental regulations, HyperSol 888NXT is redefining excellence in the coolant industry.
See your production soar to new heights with revolutionary TRIM HyperSol™ 888NXT!

U.S. Patent 11,396,708

• Exceptional performance on hard aerospace metals
• Superior lubricity for machining softer aluminum alloys
• Trouble-free production
• Safest, environmentally-friendly ingredients
• Long-running lifespan delivers high customer value
• Less scrap, low foam, and low odor

Removing spent coolants, waste fluids, or oils from machine sumps, reservoirs, or storage tanks is usually just plain bothersome. Inexpensive vacuums will not do a satisfactory job, are quite loud, and are not built for the industrial environment. Now, the Reversible LIQUI-VAC™ provides the solution to your sump cleaning problems. It is small enough to fit in your hand, yet it sucks up tramp oils, used oils, and waste coolants fast and simple. This unit will also discharge fluids out of the drum into a separate container if desired with just the turn of a knob.

Features

• operates on shop air
• attaches to small bung on a standard drum
• has one moving part
• requires no maintenance
• has whisper quiet exhaust

The Reversible LIQUI-VAC™ comes in a kit that includes everything you need to start using it the very first day. The standard kit includes:

• venturi unit
• 1" x 10' (38mm. X 3 mL) suction hose
• drum standpipe adapter
• quick disconnect fittings
• air control valve
• safety shut-off valve
• aluminum wand

The new Palm Abbe is a fourth-generation digital handheld refractometer that puts laboratory precision in the palm of your hand. Not just laboratory precision, but laboratory precision for the price of a traditional analog refractometer. It is exactly the kind of bold, cutting-edge technology you would expect from MISCO, the company that pioneered the digital handheld refractometer.

The Palm Abbe refractometer is fast, convenient, and easy to use. Simply place a drop or two of fluid in the titanium well and press a button. The custom-designed microprocessor delivers a nearly instantaneous readout in degrees Brix. Nonlinear temperature compensation is automatic and insures that fluids read between 0°C and 50°C (32°F to 122°F) are measured accurately.

The large LCD display is easily read, even in dim light, and removes the subjectivity associated with interpreting where a boundary line crosses tiny scale divisions. And, it is so easy to use! The user interface consists of two buttons, one to take readings and the other to step through various menu options.

Calibration is automatic and does not require the use of special calibration solutions, or tools. The Palm Abbe refractometer automatically calibrates itself to water and is ready to use in seconds. No more screws to turn and nothing to adjust.

TRIM MicroSol 690XT is a high-lubricity, semisynthetic, microemulsion coolant. The formula delivers extended sump life and better foam control versus previous generation semisynthetics. It provides excellent cooling and mechanical lubricity, along with the machine friendly characteristics you expect from a premium TRIM coolant. It does very well in mixed metal situations and is compatible with a very wide range of materials including titanium, high nickel alloys, steels, copper, and aluminum alloys.

• Dramatically extends useful life without the need for tank-side biocides or fungicides
• Boron and halogen free
• Low foaming for todays demanding high-pressure, high-volume applications
• Compatible with a very wide range of materials including titanium, high nickel alloys, steels, copper, and aluminum alloys
• Excellent alternative to chlorinated soluble oils on high-silica aluminum alloys
• Contains no nitrites, triazines, phenols, chlorinated, or sulfurized EP additives
• Provides superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous and nonferrous metals
• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Uses standard metalworking recycling and disposal techniques

TRIM OG205 is a very-high-specification grinding and honing oil formulated for carbide and HSS tool grinding operations. The product utilizes a very highly refined mineral oil with low aromatic content, which ensures very low levels of mist and high flash point. TRIM OG205 has been formulated to provide excellent wheel flushing properties together with good friction reduction and workpiece cooling.

• No reaction with cobalt
• Very highly refined base oil ensures low mist and high flash point
• Can be used for light duty universal machining operations
• Good flushing properties keeps grinding wheels very clean
• Excellent friction reducing properties ensures long wheel life
• Excellent heat transferring properties
• Excellent oxidation stability
• Highly filterable in pre-coat filter systems
• Low foaming
• Kind to machine components and elastomers
• Light color and low odor for good operator acceptance

TRIM OM 210 is a low-odor, light-colored oil designed for operations where low viscosity and high lubricity are required. In addition to general machining, OM 210 is particularly effective in deep-hole drilling and creepfeed grinding where its ability to flow into the cutting zone and "wet" the surfaces increases tool life and reduces heat.

• Light color and low odor
• High flash point
• Minimal carry over loss
• Excellent chips flushing and low foam
• Oxidation inhibited for longer life
• Excellent tool life properties

Master STAGES™ Task2™ All Purpose Cleaner is an industrial strength, water-based cleaning agent that does an outstanding job in the industrial environment for cleaning a variety of shop soils from all common surfaces. Task2 out-cleans all the green, crystal, purple, and blue butyl-based products you may have tried in the past.

• Use full strength or dilute
• Versatile all-around shop cleaner
• Pratt Whitney Aerospace Approval PMC 1455-11
• Contains no butyl, caustic, silicate, phosphate, nitrite, phenol, or borate
• Very low V.O.C. content, and conductivity
• Environmentally friendly, certified "Readily Biodegradable" by OECD Method 301D (EPA Guideline OPPTS 835.3110)
• Will not harm TRIM metalworking fluids

TRIM DRIVE CF3 is a specialized, chlorine-free, heavy-duty coolant formulated to meet the high-precision machining and stringent chemical restrictions of the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) industry. It has very good wetting and great lubricity resulting in excellent surface finishes and its ease of wash-ability makes DRIVE CF3 an excellent choice for HDD components manufacturers. TRIM DRIVE CF3 will run in high-pressure situations with little to no foam.

• In addition to aluminum alloy, it is also suitable for a wide range of materials including steels and stainless steels
• Low foam even in high-pressure operations without the use of silicone antifoam
• Good hydrodynamic lubrication to perform reaming and threading applications
• Excellent anti-weld properties without the use of either chlorinated or sulfurized EP additives
• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a fluid, oily residue for ease of cleaning and reduced machine maintenance costs
• Does not require special disposal and is easily recycled
• Non-staining on aluminum alloys commonly used to produce HDD components
• After machining, parts can be washed easily and completely in aqueous washing systems

TRIM MicroSol 687NXT is a translucent, premium high-lube, PRTR compliant microemulsion. The product is low foaming in soft water but is also stable in hard water. The product is designed to machine difficult to machine metals, such as stainless steel and Inconel. It is also good for most aluminum alloys including aerospace grade.

• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft fluid film for ease of cleaning and reduced maintenance
• Excellent compatibility with a very wide range of material including stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium, and aluminum alloys
• Greatly extends useful life without the need for tank side biocides or fungicides
• Low foaming for modern high-pressure, high-volume applications
• Uses standard metalworking recycling and disposal techniques
• Does not contain any chemical listed under Japan PRTR regulation
• Provides superior corrosion inhibition on all ferrous metals

TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT is a specialized, chlorine-free, moderate to heavy duty metal cutting fluid formulated to meet the high-precision machining and stringent chemical restrictions of the Hard Disk Drive (HDD) industry. TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT has very good wetting and lubricity giving excellent surface finishes. Its ease of washability makes TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT an excellent choice for HDD components manufacturers. TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT will run in high-pressure situations with little to no foam.

• In addition to aluminum alloy, TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT is also suitable for a wide range of materials including steels, titanium, and stainless steels
• Low foam even in high-pressure operations without the use of silicone antifoam
• Good hydrodynamic lubrication to perform reaming and threading applications
• Excellent anti-weld properties without the use of either chlorinated or sulfurized EP additives
• Does not contain mineral oil for near zero hydrocarbon contamination level
• Keeps machines very clean while leaving a soft film that protects machine surface, for ease of cleaning and reduced machine maintenance costs
• Does not require special disposal and is easily recycled
• Designed to be used with deionize water without having any foam issues
• Non-staining on aluminum alloys commonly used to produce HDD components
• Parts machined with TRIM DRIVE G81 NXT can be washed easily and completely in aqueous washing systems

A perfect match-up with the PurifierPlus is the XYBEX ChipOut. It is also a compact, easy-to-use, affordable solution for optimizing production. It simply and effectively sucks out the coolant, chips, and swarf to collect and filter all solid impurities and return clean coolant to the tank.

Get the most from your coolant with ChipOut. It literally pays for itself in no time with significant cost savings.

XYBEX ChipOut
• Separates surface debris, bottom chips and swarf, and sediment from coolant
• Extends coolant life
• Improves surface finish on parts
• Reduces maintenance
• Uses diaphram pump air pressure, no electricity required
• High suction power, flow rate of 180 liters/min
• Runs during production without shutting off machine tools
• Adjustable stainless steel filters: standard mesh 380 microns; optional: 830 microns and 180 microns
• Optional floating device for maximum tramp oil collection
• Portable and easy to use with multiple machines
• Operates with water-soluble coolants or neet oils
Cost effective ChipOut adds up to big savings
• Reduces annual coolant cost
• Reduces expensive parts rejects
• Reduces maintenance to a minimum

Looking for a fast, affordable way to have longer coolant life, reduce maintenance, and achieve better machinability and surface finish? Hardworking ChipOut Plus delivers all that and more in a compact, portable system that can hook up to machines throughout the shop.

It does double time, as both a centrifugal and magnetic separator for water-based cutting fluids or neat oils. It’s simple to use, powerful, and efficient.

First, the suction hose draws in the liquid and impurities. The filtration bucket traps large impurities before the sludge-containing fluid enters the centrifugal separator where fine particles are separated out by centrifugal force. The sludge then enters the powerful magnetic separator which efficiently removes magnetic metallic shavings and particles. Just like its name implies, it takes out chips - plus more!

XYBEX ChipOut Plus
• Separates surface debris, magnetic dust and shavings, chips, swarf, and sediment from coolant
• Extends coolant life
• Improves surface finish on parts
• Reduces maintenance
• Separates using centrifugal and magnetic force
• Provides extremely fine filtration
• No need to stop the machine
• Quick filtration, easy to operate
• Portable, use with multiple machines
• No consumables needed
Use hardworking, cost effective ChipOut Plus to reduce costs and build profits
Save time and build up profits with ChipOut Plus.
• Reduces annual coolant cost
• Reduces maintenance and manpower
• Reduces costly parts rejects

The portable, cost-effective XYBEX PurifierPlus system pays for itself with material cost savings, reduced downtime and recycling costs. Not only does it enhance production and make the workplace cleaner, it also is better for employee health and the environment.

Unlike units which simply separate machine tramp oil (the unwanted byproduct of the machining/metalworking process) from coolant, PurifierPlus has an ozone disinfection function which kills bacteria. Not only is the coolant cleaned and lasts longer, it’s purified and reused, and the subsequent problematic stench from bacteria and fungal growth is eliminated.

Improve production, reduce costs, and experience a cleaner workplace with PurifierPlus.

XYBEX PurifierPlus
• Separates free tramp oil and extends coolant life
• Reduces tool wear and costly parts rejects
• Easy to use with a handy set-timer to operate on its own
• Adjustable flow rate filter from 10 to 30 liters/hr
• Kills bacteria (for best results run 1 hour for each 100 liters in sump; ozone function disinfects at 500 mg/hr)
• Built-in pH detector (optional) adjusts pH to control range
• Portable for use on multiple machines in the facility
PurifierPlus quickly pays for itself in savings
• Saves 10% to 25% on annual coolant cost
• Saves 30% to 50% on additional water cost
• Saves 10% to 25% on tooling costs and part reworks
• Reduces clean-up time 60% to 80% annually